President Bill Clinton Essay -- Biography

Bill Clinton William Jefferson Clinton succeeded where no other Democrat since Franklin had. He was reappointed to a second term as President. Clinton likewise refuted the majority of his faultfinders, enduring the individual outrages that came to fruition. During his administration, Clinton broke guarantees and flopped in specific regions, however he despite everything had backing of the American individuals. Much after his undertaking with Monica Lewinsky, the individuals despite everything needed him in office. They loved what he was accomplishing for the nation and upheld him regardless. Bill Clinton was a significant president in American history, even through his own embarrassments and broken guarantees. William Jefferson Clinton, presently known as Bill Clinton, was conceived on August 19, 1946. He went through the initial six years of his life in Hope, Arkansas. William Jefferson Blythe, Clinton's dad, kicked the bucket in a car crash three months before his mom, Virginia Cassidy Blythe, brought forth him. Clinton was brought up in his grandma, Edith Cassidy's home. His mom was frequently away from home taking nursing classes in New Orleans. It was as of now when Clinton's grandma instructed him to peruse at an early age (American President 1). In 1950, Bill's mom wedded Roger Clinton. Roger was a vehicle seller and an oppressive drunkard. Bill Clinton went to government funded schools in Hot Springs, Arkansas. The entire family at that point moved to Hope, Arkansas, about an hour from Hot Springs. At the point when Bill was 15, his mom separated Roger Clinton, just to remarry him rapidly after. As an adolescent kid, Clinton was fixated on legislative issues. He won understudy races in secondary school, and later at Georgetown University in Washington, D.C. Clinton moved on from Yale Law School and moved back to his home province of Arkans... ...dn't occur, he hugy affected Americans, particularly monetarily, and they bolstered him all through his presidential profession. During Clinton's administration, the nation had perhaps the longest time of monetary development ever (Dumas 1). Reference index Gerhardt, Michael J. The Impeachment and Acquittal of William Jefferson Clinton. The Clinton Scandal and the Future of American Government. Ed. Imprint J. Rozell and Clyde Wilcox. Washington,D.C.: Georgetown University Press, 2000. 142-148. American President: Biography of President Bill Clinton. Miller Center of Public Affairs. Ed. Russell L. Riley. 2008. College of Virginia. 21 Feb. 2008 . Bill Clinton. MSN Encarta. Ed. Ernest C. Dumas. 2007. 1 Mar. 2008 .

Dissertation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Paper - Essay Example Regarding age, the most critical bit of respondents was in the 26-multi year age section, with 41.3% of respondents. 40.2% of respondents were in the 36-multi year age sections. Secondary school respondents totaled 58.2% of respondents. 64% of the respondents were presently utilized. Web utilization and web based shopping Many respondents had Internet experience. 29.6% had over ten years Internet experience utilizing the web over ten years. The individuals who had involvement in internet shopping more than once a month came to 42.9%. Web based shopping experience 77% of respondents showed that they confronted no trouble utilizing the web. What exactly degree is the utilization of the Internet hazardous 51.9% of respondents believed that the web is here and there is dangerous. 39.7% that contended that the web isn't unsafe in any way. Tesco and Asda direct Respondents who have full involvement with Tesco (37.8%) direct were more than those with involvement in Asda's (28.1%). The remai nder of the clients didn't have involvement in either. Elements that influence client certainty toward web based shopping Factors that influence shopper certainty towards web based shopping was restricted to seven classes: the effect of segment factors on buyer certainty, item, value, advancement, circulation and client assistance, the effect of mechanical issues lastly the effect of social issues on client certainty. ... As a rule the scientist found that Asda has surpassed Tesco in accomplishing client trust. For instance: The table above shows that Asda give high coherence of getting to subtleties. Around 60 of respondents decided in favor of Asda in comprehensibility of data, though just 55 of respondents decided in favor of Tesco. 3-Price Respondents gave an equivalent rate to Asda and Tesco when gotten some information about who gave the most minimal value item. In any case, a later inquiry had Asda as the high rate at 73.1%. The scientist structured two comparative inquiries in various styles to diminish affectability when responding to address. Low cost and club card most of respondents showed that low costs are more essential to certainty than the club card. 3 Promotion was considered comparable to the degree it was a disturbance to the shopper. Versatile as an irritating device came in at the top with 56.2% for Asda and 55.6% for Tesco. Email was the following most irritating apparatus, repr esenting 28.1% with Asda and 26.1% with Tesco. At last, the post is minimal irritating with Asda and Tesco both at 25%. 4-Delivery and client assistance most of respondents found the solicitation of installment and conveyance data simple. 53% of Asda's clients bolster the point while 15.9% reject it. 49% of Tesco respondents bolster the point and 12.6% dismissed it. The respondents were gotten some information about a few factors in conveyance administration that influence their conduct and certainty toward web based shopping. Tesco offers progressively unique strategy for conveyance as per respondents. Asda comes in the top in Charge of conveyance. The expense of conveyance, just as the right and effective appearance of the item was most grounded with Asda. Client care As

Throwback Thursday to a Seeples Winter Break COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

Throwback Thursday to a Seeple’s Winter Break COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog [From January 2016] This winter break held special significance to me, since it is the last while at SIPA â€" I graduate in May. It was also poignant as perhaps the last winter break when I feel like a student and a young person, with future “winter breaks” likely spent as an adult, likely wherever my career will send me, and with other potential added personal responsibilities. True to myself, I made sure to leave time for “work” and “play” (no “break” has ever been completely a break for me â€" I feel unproductive and quickly get frustrated if I sit idly by for too long, even in the most magnificent of sceneries), but uncharacteristically, this time, I “played” first and “worked” later. My significant other surprised me with a wonderful Christmas escapade to Quebec City (see main photo), where we enjoyed an enchanted few days at Château Frontenac (we have a thing for castles â€" last time we stayed in one, it was in Tuscany’s beautiful Castello di Montegufoni) and took our time exploring the charming bistros hidden all about Vieux Quebec (I highly recommend “Bistro Sous-Le-Fort”, almost at the foot of the Funiculaire), as well as holiday markets and other attractions. I relished in the opportunity to converse in French on non-professional matters (since I get plenty of “professional talk” in my work at the UN), and also enjoyed knowing that, while in a very different world, I was only a few hours away from my beloved City. I first discovered Quebec in 2008, attending the World Youth Congress â€" it was my first stop on this continent, and I made my way to the US afterwards, to start college. It was therefore a nostalgic, almost full-circle return to the b eginning of the 8 years I have now spent in the US, and marking the beginning of a soon-to-unfold next chapter in my life, where I expect my career to take me outside of the US. [Photo courtesy of Adriana Popa | Vieux Quebec] [Photo courtesy of Adriana Popa | Me with toffee bears in the toffee shop in Quebec] In January, it was time for “work,” and I flew to Kansas to work in the presidential archives in Abilene with a group of fellow Columbia students as part of my European Institute research fellowship. My work on Cold War diplomacy and Radio Free Europe, while extremely rewarding, was also tiresome, and the very limited healthy options for food intensified the feeling that we missed New York. Kansas was, overall, an interesting experience, both academically, and socially, and we appreciated the generous opportunity awarded through this fellowship, one of Columbia’s many exciting programs. We will be going to Budapest next, and then to Stanford, through the same fellowship, so the next few months (before and right after graduation) are bound to be stimulating! [Photo courtesy of Adriana Popa | Hard at work in the archives] [Photo courtesy of Adriana Popa | European Institute fellows trying on cowboy hats] [Photo courtesy of Adriana Popa | European Institute fellows with Ikes statue on the grounds of the archives]

Throwback Thursday to a Seeples Winter Break COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

Throwback Thursday to a Seeple’s Winter Break COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog [From January 2016] This winter break held special significance to me, since it is the last while at SIPA â€" I graduate in May. It was also poignant as perhaps the last winter break when I feel like a student and a young person, with future “winter breaks” likely spent as an adult, likely wherever my career will send me, and with other potential added personal responsibilities. True to myself, I made sure to leave time for “work” and “play” (no “break” has ever been completely a break for me â€" I feel unproductive and quickly get frustrated if I sit idly by for too long, even in the most magnificent of sceneries), but uncharacteristically, this time, I “played” first and “worked” later. My significant other surprised me with a wonderful Christmas escapade to Quebec City (see main photo), where we enjoyed an enchanted few days at Château Frontenac (we have a thing for castles â€" last time we stayed in one, it was in Tuscany’s beautiful Castello di Montegufoni) and took our time exploring the charming bistros hidden all about Vieux Quebec (I highly recommend “Bistro Sous-Le-Fort”, almost at the foot of the Funiculaire), as well as holiday markets and other attractions. I relished in the opportunity to converse in French on non-professional matters (since I get plenty of “professional talk” in my work at the UN), and also enjoyed knowing that, while in a very different world, I was only a few hours away from my beloved City. I first discovered Quebec in 2008, attending the World Youth Congress â€" it was my first stop on this continent, and I made my way to the US afterwards, to start college. It was therefore a nostalgic, almost full-circle return to the b eginning of the 8 years I have now spent in the US, and marking the beginning of a soon-to-unfold next chapter in my life, where I expect my career to take me outside of the US. [Photo courtesy of Adriana Popa | Vieux Quebec] [Photo courtesy of Adriana Popa | Me with toffee bears in the toffee shop in Quebec] In January, it was time for “work,” and I flew to Kansas to work in the presidential archives in Abilene with a group of fellow Columbia students as part of my European Institute research fellowship. My work on Cold War diplomacy and Radio Free Europe, while extremely rewarding, was also tiresome, and the very limited healthy options for food intensified the feeling that we missed New York. Kansas was, overall, an interesting experience, both academically, and socially, and we appreciated the generous opportunity awarded through this fellowship, one of Columbia’s many exciting programs. We will be going to Budapest next, and then to Stanford, through the same fellowship, so the next few months (before and right after graduation) are bound to be stimulating! [Photo courtesy of Adriana Popa | Hard at work in the archives] [Photo courtesy of Adriana Popa | European Institute fellows trying on cowboy hats] [Photo courtesy of Adriana Popa | European Institute fellows with Ikes statue on the grounds of the archives]

Discussion of Non-Consented Tracking of Cell Phones and...

In the article, You (and Your Cellphone) on Candid Camera by The New York Times Editorial Board, they raise the issue of customers being tracked by cell phone without their knowledge while they are shopping. The Editorial Board believes, as I do, that stores should not track people on their cellular devices without prior consent. They claim that apparently traditional retailers are tracking their customers on their cellular devices and on security cameras with little or no information given regarding these activities. This is being done not for consumers’ safety or the prevention of a crime, as with regular security tracking, but just so that companies can target their consumers with personalized advertisements. I, for one already cannot stand too many advertisement texts and e-mails when I knowingly sign up for them, I am outraged that this is allowed to go on without most people’s knowledge. Tracking customers with regards to theft is nothing new, but how many people know that stores are invading their privacy by tracking their phone’s Wi-Fi signal just to place specialty advertisements on them? I did not know it until after I read this article, and I’m sure if I went out and asked various people in stores, very few others would be aware of it also. We may think it is an invasion of privacy that it is possible for stores to be allowed to do this with none or little notice given to its customers, but retailers claim that â€Å"they need to monitor customers so they canShow MoreRelatedManaging Information Technology (7th Edition)239873 Words   |  960 PagesLtd. Printer/Binder: Edwards Brothers Cover Printer: Leghigh-Phoenex Color Text Font: 10/12, Times Credits and acknowledgments borrowed from other sources and reproduced, with permission, in this textbook appear on appropriate page within the text. Microsoft ® and Windows ® are registered trademarks of the Microsoft Corporation in the U.S.A. and other countries. Screen shots and icons reprinted with permission from the Microsoft Corporation. This book is not sponsored or endorsed by or affiliatedRead MoreMarketing Management 14th Edition Test Bank Kotler Test Bank173911 Words   |  696 Pages D) It is defined as the field that deals with planning and managing a business at the highest level of corporate hierarchy. E) It occurs when at least one party to a potential exchange thinks about the means of achieving desired responses from other parties. Answer: E Page Ref: 5 Objective: 2 Difficulty: Moderate 4) A social definition of marketing says ________. 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A) the imported brand will not survive the competition from Bosch B) Bosch has a positiveRead More_x000C_Introduction to Statistics and Data Analysis355457 Words   |  1422 Pagesof this work covered by the copyright hereon may be reproduced or used in any form or by any means—graphic, electronic, or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, taping, Web distribution, info rmation storage and retrieval systems, or in any other manner—without the written permission of the publisher. Thomson Higher Education 10 Davis Drive Belmont, CA 94002-3098 USA For more information about our products, contact us at: Thomson Learning Academic Resource Center 1-800-423-0563 For permissionRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 PagesVaughn Full-Service Project Management: Sharon Anderson/BookMasters, Inc. 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But sometimes we bring back an oldie, and with updating, gain Read MoreBhopal Gas Disaster84210 Words   |  337 PagesFederation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies to open its South Asia Regional Office here to improve the efficacy of the Federation in the implementation, monitoring and evaluation of its activities in the region. The regional office would, among other things, coordinate and advise on development projects and programmes of the national Red Cross and Red Crescent societies of the 2 25 Years After Bhopal Gas Disaster Bhopal prote sters detained in Delhi Staff Reporter NEW DELHI: Over 100 protesters

Negative Effects of Hip-Hop - 2186 Words

| The Negative Effects of Hip-Hop | Malachi Norman English 101April 8, 2013Professor Stayton MWF 9:00 am | From the beats to the lyrics, the current generation of youth is engrossed in hip-hop culture, tending to idolize the artist behind the songs. Since the 1970s, hip-hop has influenced American culture tremendously. In the past, hip-hop held a central focus around inequality, empowerment and overcoming hardships. Today, hip-hop talks more about sex, money, a male dominant social standing, and drugs. Hip-hop, from then to now, has drifted to the darker side of the social spectrum. The majority of today’s youth were subconsciously thrust into a time when the darkness of hip-hop was nearing its climax. Young African American males†¦show more content†¦The communication skills are not as strong today because of the influence of hip-hop. Hip-hop music is known for containing a great deal of slang. A slang word is a word that many people associate with poor grammar and questionable diction. What most of us do not realize is how much slang is used in day-to-day life. It is sim ply considered a part of normal and accepted language. It has a negative effect on our young black males because they tend to learn slang before starting kindergarten, which contributes to the illiteracy of black people. The same people, who learn slang before learning proper English, begin incorporating slang into communications with other people, essentially deflecting from improving society’s view about black people. Hip-hop music uses a variety of slang terms that change as hip-hop evolves and changes. Much of its lexicon is drawn from African-American vernacular English. Hip-hop slang gives ordinary words new meanings. Harlem rapper Lamont Coleman (stage name Big L) released a song on his posthumous album The Big Picture entitled Ebonics. In this song, Big L goes through various hip-hop slang terms and gives their proper meanings. Yo, yo A burglary is a jook, a wolf s a crook Mobb Deep already explained the meanin of shook If you caught a felony, you caught a F If you g ot killed, you got left If you got the dragon, you got bad breath If you 7:30, that mean you crazy Hit me on the hip means page meShow MoreRelatedHip-Hop Essay938 Words   |  4 PagesFebruary 15, 2012 The Positives and Negatives of Hip-Hop In Geoffrey Bennett’s essay titled, â€Å"Hip-Hop: A Roadblock or Pathway to Black Empowerment,† he speaks about the positive and negative effects that hip-hop has on the Black Community. Bennett goes all the way to the beginning of hip-hop, which he says took place in the early 1980s with rappers such as Run DMC, Public Enemy, Sugar Hill Gang and many others. The author then speaks about how hip-hop grew not only in the young black AfricanRead MoreThe Hip Hop Generation And Its Impact On Society1371 Words   |  6 PagesDominiquie Gray English- 102 Argumentative Essay 6 December 2015 The Hip Hop Generation and its Impact on Society. Throughout history, Hip Hop has manifest into more than a simple form of life, but as a powerful cultural movement. Hip Hop plays a major part in African American culture, dialogue, fashion, and self expression. Today, Hip Hop has a joined people of many nationalities, races, and ethnicities as a society. The Hip Hop Generation has begun to redefine African American cultural normsRead MoreRap Music : Hip Hop Essay1509 Words   |  7 PagesRap, or hip hop as some call it, ranks in the top ten of most popular music genres in the world. Since it burst on the scene in the late 1970s, rap music changed the landscape of the music industry, especially for African-American artists. The genre accredited some of the biggest names in the music industry. Popular artists like LL Cool J, Tupac, Notorious B. I. G., Jay-Z, Kanye West, and many others produce, or have produced, millions of hip-hop records. The secret to the success of hip hop centersRead MoreThe Effects Of Violent Music On The Youth Culture1316 Words   |  6 Pagesthe effect of violent music, both positive and negative towards African American men, women, and children. The articles also provides information that will support the reason how Hip-hop has such an impact on the youth culture, how Hip-hop is valued, and how the music and its lyrics are interpreted. Changing Images of Violence Rap music lyrics: 1979-1997 Hip- hop has both a negative and positive impact on African American lives. Over the past three decades, Hip-hop hasRead MoreThe Music Of The Hip Hop1412 Words   |  6 PagesThe Hip Hop is basically a cultural movement that originated in the Suburbs of cities. It was began to evolve in 1970 and in particular by the Americans who of African descent (American Africans) . Rap is a type of singing. It combines the performance of different rap utter words without committing to a particular tune, and rhythm. Rap began in Kingston, Jamaica City at the end of the sixties as a kind new musical was derived from dancehall. It has spread in the United States at the beginning ofRead MoreThe Music Of The Hip Hop1673 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"I said the hip hop, Hippie to the hippie, the hip, hip hop, and you don’t stop, a rock it to the bang, bang boogie, say you jump the boogie, to the rhythm of the boogie, the beat.† â€Å"Rapper’s Delight† is a song recor ded in 1979 by American hip hop trio The Sugarhill Gang. It was the original 12-inch single was 15 minutes of incontestable urban-playboy bragging. â€Å"Rapper’s Delight† was not the first single but, it is generally considered to be the song that made hip hop in the United States popularRead MoreRap Music And Hip Hop Culture1097 Words   |  5 Pageshas been around for many decades. Rap/hip hop is a  music genre that consists of a stylized  rhythmic music that usually accompanies rapping. Since rap music’s explosion, it took the industry and became the  important part of hip hop culture. It has advanced over time as a part of hip hop culture, which originated from urban youth in New York as a cultural movement. Its original listeners were primarily African America and it has spread around the world and hip hop has come to be a part for rap music  toRead MoreThe Negative Portrayal of Women in Hip Hop and Rap Music Essay1239 Words   |  5 Pagestoday, has been quoted saying, â€Å"Hip-hop is supposed to uplift and create, to educate people on a larger level and to make a change.† Although this is the original intention of hip-hop music, public opinion currently holds the opposite view. Since the 1970’s musical artists have changed the face of hip-hop and rap and worldwide, people – mostly teens—have been striving to emulate certain artists and their lyrics, which has created negative stereotypes for hip-hop music and also for those who chooseRead MoreHip-Hop Culture Essay987 Words   |  4 Pages Hip-hop culture began to develop in the south Bronx area of New York City during the 1970s. It had a significant influence in the music industry. Hip-hop music generally includes rapping, but other elements such as sampling and beatboxing also play important roles. Rapping, as a key part in the hip-hop music, takes different forms, which including signifying, dozen, toast and jazz poetry. Initially, hip-h op music was a voice of people living in low-income areas, reflecting social, economic and politicalRead MoreThe Mafia s Influence On Hip Hop1603 Words   |  7 PagesThe Mafia’s influence on Hip-Hop In Rap, there is a unique culture, history, social impact and influence on society. Hip-Hop/Rap is one of the most popular genre of music. It has helped shape the pop culture into what it is today. What is popular culture? The ideas, activities or products, which are popular among the general mass. In today’s pop culture, one subject that is at the top of the list is hip-hop/rap. Hip-Hop music highlights verses consisting of slang and catchy phrases, which some

The Legalization of Marijuana Essay - 1083 Words

This debate has been very prevalent in society and in politics. Experts, politicians, and people alike have been debating among themselves whether or not marijuana should be legalized in America. Marijuana is a drug that can be smoked or eaten. It is grown from the ground and gives the user a sense of a hallucinogenic high. It goes by many names such as Mary Jane, kush, grass, weed, pot, green, cannabis, hemp, or chronic. Some say that marijuana is not as bad as alcohol. Some say that marijuana is safe. Some hippies say that marijuana is natural and should be spread throughout the world. It is debated on constantly through the media, politics, and everyday conversions. What should someone believe? Marijuana should only be legalized for†¦show more content†¦After taking a very small amount of the marijuana in a half-muffin, JJ took a dramatic turn in his academics, his social life, and his attitude completely turned around for the better. It was a miracle. It was a very stron g and emotional article that should change the minds of a few non-believers in medical marijuana, not recreational marijuana. If a child is in this sort of predicament and suffers from such an extreme combination of disorders and medical marijuana is the only thing that will have any positive effect on them, then who are we to keep that from that poor child? God allowed for marijuana to grow for a reason and this is it. It is for these very few people who truly need it to calm down and act normally in society. Medical marijuana has the ability to affect a lot of lives. People with OCD do not have to drive themselves up the wall with their habbits. People like JJ do not have to be outcasted from society. They do not have to live with those horrible disorders. There are many more people out there like JJ who need this kind of help. Help only medical marijuana can give them. Another article read, â€Å"Medical marijuana can be both a treatment in itself, and it can be used to help pat ients withstand the effects of accepted treatments that can possibly lead to a cure or amelioration of their condition† (Clark 40). This article is telling the public that medical marijuana can treat patients. If the government would justShow MoreRelatedThe Legalization Of Marijuana Legalization1061 Words   |  5 PagesThe Legalization of Cannabis in Ohio Marijuana is a controversial topic all across the United States. Recently marijuana has been voted on, legalized, and denied legalization in multiple states. There are still more states trying to fight the green fight for marijuana. The fight for legalization hasn’t been an easy one for cannabis supporters; they have been fighting tooth and nail to make it happen. One of the main concerns in the marijuana debates are whether or not marijuana is a gateway drugRead MoreLegalization Of Marijuana And Marijuana1633 Words   |  7 PagesBalyuk March 8, 2016 Legalization of Marijuana Marijuana has a few different names that are commonly used in today’s society including weed and cannabis. Weed is smoked with joints, bongs, or pipes. Marijuana can also be mixed with foods usually brownies, cookies, and candy which are called edibles. The main chemical responsible for the high feeling is called THC but marijuana also contains over 500 chemicals. The chemical is found in resin produced by the leaves and buds. â€Å"Marijuana is the most commonlyRead MoreThe Legalization Of Marijuana Legalization Essay2566 Words   |  11 Pagescurrent prohibition on marijuana reforms has put the United States in a similar situation. Marijuana is the most widely used illicit drug in the United States. According to the National Survey on Drug Use and Health, â€Å"95 million Americans age 12 and older have tried pot at least once, and three out of every four illicit-drug users reported using marijuana within the previous 30 days† (ONDCP). The decriminalization and eve ntually legalization for the recreational use of marijuana will bring forth benefitsRead MoreThe Legalization Of Marijuana Legalization1282 Words   |  6 Pages On November 8th, 2016, the California Marijuana Legalization Initiative may be included on the ballot. The people of California will vote on whether to legalize the recreational use of cannabis for adults. The move targets at regulating the consumption of the drug and taxing it like other legalized drugs. California was the first state to legalize medical marijuana in 1996 (National Institute of Drug Abuse). The state prohibited any legal actions from being taken on patients and recognized caregiversRead MoreThe Legalization Of Marijuana And Marijuana Essay1314 Words   |  6 PagesMarijuana or Cannabis is one of the bused drugs in America and the rest of the world. Interesting accumulating evidence show that the significant negative impact of this drug outweighs the positive effects. However, the medical benefits of the drug seem on the process of chemical compounds as compared to the drug itself. Medical debates show that chemical compound in marijuana are the problem as compared to the plant. The said chemical compound affects the mental and physical health of the personsRead MoreThe Legalization Of Marijuana Legalization1660 Words   |  7 PagesKyler Smith 9/15 â€Å"Marijuana Legalization† The legality of cannabis varies from country to country. Possession of cannabis is illegal in most countries and has been since the beginning of widespread cannabis prohibition in the late 1930s. However, possession of the drug in small quantities had been decriminalized in many countries and sub-national entities in several parts of the world. Furthermore, possession is legal or effectively legal in the Netherlands, Uruguay, and in the US states of ColoradoRead MoreThe Legalization Of Marijuana Legalization996 Words   |  4 Pages the monetary gain of its legalization for most has been productive to say the least. For example, Denver Colorado is on track to more than triple the marijuana tax revenue this year alone. $44 million was collected in 2014. In July 2015, 73.5 million was collected, while 19.6 million went to schools. A place such as Chicago could really use the legalization to help with the school system infrastructure issues they have. With a deficit of over 1.1 bi llion marijuana sales could alleviate bothRead MoreLegalization of Marijuana1550 Words   |  7 PagesLegalization of Marijuana: Benefits and Statistics The topic of legalizing marijuana has been a topic of controversy for quite some time now not only throughout our local streets, but throughout the local and into the state government. The legalization of marijuana is such a controversial topic because some are for it and some are against it. People are for the legalization because of the great uses it has towards medicine, the money that could come from the taxation of legalized marijuana, andRead MoreLegalization of Marijuana972 Words   |  4 PagesOn January 1st the states of Colorado and Washington officially began the regulation of legal marijuana sales. Thousands of people from all over the country including tourists from Wisconsin, Ohio, Chicago, and even Georgia lined up out front of dispensaries to make a purchase. Recreational marijuana is being regulated and monitored like alcohol; you must be at least 21 years old to make a purchase. The drug, which is controversial in many states’ legislations, is currently l egal for medical useRead MoreMarijuana Legalization1212 Words   |  5 PagesMarijuana Legalization COMP 1500 April 20th, 2009 Word Count: 807 Outline I. Introduction Thesis Statement: Although America is the land of the free you do not really have  too many  free choices you can make. Americans  should have  the right to  choose whether or not  marijuana should be legal. II. Background III. The tax benefits that can be created A. If legalized they can tax it how ever much they want B. Can be regulated IV. Drug enforcement money can be diverted

Hawaiian Overthrow Essay Example For Students

Hawaiian Overthrow Essay The 19th century will live in infamy in Hawaiian hearts; it was a century of great change in Hawaiian society. The old system of mana and the sharing of the land were slowly replaced, the arrival of missionaries would signal the period of greatest change in Hawaiian society. Between the arrival of Captain James Cook and the missionaries, the Hawaiian monarchy was able to maintain some sort of independence and keep the old Hawaiian system in place. Everything began to change that eventually lead to the overthrow of the monarchy and the annexation of the Hawaiian Islands to the United States. This was a very long process and it is hard to decipher who was responsible for the overthrow of the monarchy What part did Queen Liliuokalani play in the overthrow of the Hawaiian monarchy? What actions did she initiate that provoked the Annexation group to arise and take over the Hawaiian kingdom that would become the republic of Hawaii and eventually be annexed to the United States? Was the que en the one to blame for the annexation of Hawaii? These are some of the questions that I would like to answer. The position of the queen and the influence she had on the whole affair is unclear to me at this point. Queen Liliuokalani was born Liliu Kamakaeha on September 2, 1838. After her birth she was taken away and adopted by Konia, who was granddaughter of King Kamehameha the Great. They did this so that everyone in the higher positions in Hawaiian society would have a stake in everyones family. The whole society was supposed to be like one large family. At age four Liliu attended the royal school Run by the missionaries Amos Cooke and his wife. There she studied for over six hours a day after school and became a very good student. Liliu also developed Christian beliefs that she would carry with her for the rest of her life. The school closed in Liliu went to school closer to home. This made her very happy because she did not like the boarding school very much and missed her family a lot . Liliu married at 24 years of age to John Owen Dominis, son of a very prominent ship captain. At the time of her wedding she moved to Washington Place until 1868 when she inherited some land in Waikiki. Li liu loved this house and she loved to share in the beauty of the land in Waikiki. She would let all kinds of people stay at her house. People as prominent as Captains of ships down to the footmen and deckhands, she was a very compassionate women. In 1877 Kalakaua called Lililu to the palace and told her she was going to be named his heir apparent under the name of Princess Liliuokalani . Her first reaction was one of dismay and shock, she believed that this name was not a name at all. Kalakaua reminded her that her name meant ?sore eye?, then she retorted that his name meant ?battle day?2.These little reactions can be an example of the Queens stubbornness that would play a huge role in the way she would later run the kingdom. She did not like change that much either, this attitude would also play an important role with the way she would try to run her cabinet and kingdom. In 1891 Kalakaua went on a world tour to help broaden his horizons and he appointed Princess Liliuokalani as reg ent of Hawaii. Kalakaua died in San Francisco and Liliuokalani became queen. Hawaii would never be the same again. A lot of events had taken place during the five years before Liliuokalani had taken the throne from her brother. King Kalakaua had a tumultuous reign as King. In 1872, the cost of maintaining the King, the royal family and the military were $144,350 by 1886 the cost had more than tripled to $462,436 .How could the king and his family justify this cost? The Hawaiian kingdom would be driven into further debt because of the lavish spending of King Kalakaua and his royal family. The argument that has presented before me is that he was trying to establish the Hawaiian monarchy as a real player in world affairs. I still dont see how you can justify spending that much money and put your people in debt with outside peoples. The reign of Kalakaua also brought conspiracy such as, the unscrupulous handling of the liquor license and the opium debate that raged throughout the kingdom. This brought about a revision to the Constitution and it became known as the ?Bayonet Constitution?. The Constitu tion of 1887 was meant to perfect power. Its provisions, according to its supporters, were bulwarks of liberty . The Constitution of 1887 was established to take some power away from the monarch and equally distribute it amongst the leaders of the Hawaiian society. It made the upper house of the legislature elective rather than appointive, which meant they could now vote for nobles as well. To vote you needed to meet the qualifications, an income of six hundred dollars a year or taxable property worth three thousand dollars. This qualification did exclude two out of three Hawaiians but Daws argues that ?it simply offered them an incentive to better their condition as individuals and thus earn there right to part in responsible politics? . The groundwork was laid for a fight to the finish, who really controlled the islands. The natives did not have much say in the Constitution of 1887 because most of the power sat in the hands of the haole elite. Kalakaua could not do much about this because he was concerned about foreign affairs at this point. With Kalakaua touring the world and trying to establish Hawaii as a sovereign nation, recognized amongst other great nations of their time, his sister waited in the wings. Little did she know that she would be thrust into the spotlight a lot sooner than expected. Atomic Bomb EssayRobert Wilcox and V. Ashford among them, but they no longer agreed with her . They no longer could stand the way Liliuokalani was running the government so they spoke out against it. This made many people in her advisory council mad and they started to believe that she could no longer be a capable leader. I do believe a major reason for the overthrow and eventual annexation of Hawaii was the McKinley act of 1891, which basically made the reciprocity treaty of 1887 seem just like a ploy by the United States to gain control of Pearl Harbor. The McKinley act of 1891 allowed all the sugar in the world to be free of any kind of tariff. ?The United States had Pearl Harbor, but Hawaiian Sugar no longer had any advantage over any other foreign sugar? . This would cause a major depression in the Hawaiian Kingdom and every time there is a depression someone will get blamed for it. The people would start to blame Liliuokalani and she seemed very complacent. The sugar plantation owners were very influential people and Liliuokalani knew this, but it seemed to me that she felt like she could not do anything. I think if she tried to appeal to the sympathies of other countries that had some interest in the Hawaiian islands things could have been a little different. Maybe it is the narrow view that I have, but I believe the British or the Japanese could have helped the Hawaiians out. I know the United States government was just becoming a world power then but Britain was already established and they were allies of the United States. I guess Britain was also practicing empiricism too and they might have taken it over to.. One thing is for sure is the queen had ill feelings towards the Minister John L. Stevens. John L. Stevens was the minister to Hawaii, appointed by the United States government, whose annexation leanings put him at the center of the controversy after the revolution . She states ?Minister John L. Stevens it must be said that he was either mentally incapable of recognizing what is to be expected of a gentleman, to say nothing of a Diplomatist, or he was decidedly in the league with those persons who had conspired against the piece of Hawaii? . John L. Stevens was the person who said annexation to the United States was right and gave the report back to the United States on the condition of the people in the Hawaiian Islands. I believe that the Queen should have tried to show her power a little more and flex her muscles. I do not think the United States would have been able to act upon the people as much if she appealed to the people of the United States not just the government. A lot of the people in the United States did not want to annex the United States in 1893, not until the Spanish-American War did the United States have an interest in the Hawaiian Islands. The Government was overthrown for many reasons and there were a lot of underlying problems. I do think we have to look at the leader of the Hawaiian nation at that time and see what was her motivation for the things that she did. The queen did try to better her peoples standing and she did try to gain equal rights for her people but the times changed to fast. The queen could not adjust to the way the Hawaiian society had changed, or she didnt want ot have society change as much as it did. Queen Liliuokalani was a little too stubborn to rule during that time and I believe if the Hawaiian people had elected Queen Emma things would have been a little bit different because the people would have probably stood up for her a little more. This is why the haoles did not want her elected and Kalakaua won the corrupted election. So the beat goes on and even today we have the whole sovereignty issue. One thing I want to leave you with is do not believe that the Hawaiian Islands were stolen from their people but believe that they were more taken form a people that were confused and were not altogether. It was more like one big bully versus a bunch of smaller kids, if all the smaller kids got together they could have beaten the bigger kid. History Reports

MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER RESEARCH THROUGH THE COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY APPROACH Essay Example

MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER RESEARCH THROUGH THE COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY APPROACH Essay Major Depressive Disorder Research through the Cognitive Psychology Approach Name: Course: Date: We will write a custom essay sample on MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER RESEARCH THROUGH THE COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY APPROACH specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER RESEARCH THROUGH THE COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY APPROACH specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER RESEARCH THROUGH THE COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY APPROACH specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Major Depressive Disorder Research through the Cognitive Psychology Approach Introduction Major depressive disorder affects millions of people worldwide every year and has become a common clinical condition. Normally, a person suffering from this disorder normally exhibits a sad mood and disinterest in things that would previously have fascinated him or her. Depression primarily has an effect over the â€Å"whole body†. In this case, the patients’ emotions and behavior undergo immense alteration. The exact causes of this condition are hard to pin point with some believing that it is hereditary or may be caused by an imbalance of chemicals in the brain. It has been established that major depressive disorder is a common condition among people suffering from Parkinson’s disease (PD) as well as a major contributor to disability and poor life quality (Nilsson, Kessing, Sorensen, Andersen, Bolwig, 2002). However, it is important to realize the difficulty of assessing this condition in patients with PD because of overlapping symptoms and assessing it in patients with cognitive impairment. In this regard, the Movement Disorder Society endeavored to carry out a research over the assessment of depression among patients with PD. A number of rating scales are used for the assessment of depression. The research was hence carried out to ascertain their credibility and consequently make recommendations. Literature Review Symptoms of depression have a tendency of occurring in people suffering from PD with studies suggesting that 40 percent are usually affected. Symptoms of depression have been recognized as being main determinants of how healthy PD patient lives and can as well affect cognitive function, and functional ability. This therefore makes it essential for the recognition and assessment of symptoms in patients suffering from PD. The research was able to identify a number of rating scales for the assessment and screening of depression disorder. Apparently, these scales are used to assess depression among patients suffering from PD or not (Hahlweg Goldstein, 2007). For purposes of selecting the scales, the research included all scales used for the assessment of depression disorder and those with the potential utility of assessing depressed patients suffering from PD. Scales specifically designed for the assessment of conditions similar to depression such as anxiety, apathy, and anhedonia were excluded. At present, the diagnosis of depressive disorder is done through the diagnostic and statistics strategy (DSM-IV) as recommended by the American Psychiatric Association. However, contrary to what the research found on the diagnosis of depressive disorder, I was able to establish otherwise. In this case, in research studies and clinical practice, particularly in treatment trials and surveys measuring the symptoms of depressive disorder, the use of DSM-IV is often not useful or feasible. The use of DSM-IV has shortfalls and has been recommended to undergo for revision. Even though discussions over how valid this criteria for depression assessment were not at the scope of the research, the problems involved and how they influence the assessment of severity and presence of depression in PD patients needs to be recognized and discussed. Methods The research team endeavored to form a committee for investigating the credibility of depression rating scales for patients with PD. The committee included seven members from North America, Europe, and Australia and included psychiatrists, psychologists, and neurologists who had good records of accomplishment in the field of depression for patients with PD. The members of the task force identified problems affecting the assessment of major depressive disorder. The team also identified eligible scales to be investigated. In this regard, I think that the committee members should have been subjected to a survey or interview to verify their credibility within the depressive disorder field. This would have been an efficient way of ensuring that the team selected was qualified to execute the research task. Nevertheless, the committee members organized a survey on the types of scales used to assess depressive disorder. The response rate amounted to four percent with 79 out of 2000 neurologists returning their questionnaires. A poor turn out of responses in this case possibly means that few neurologists make routine use of depression scales. In this regard, since the results of the research were drawn from a limited resource, then that ultimately renders the findings partly inconclusive. However, the research committee endeavored to formulate proforma for allowing a structured assessment of the depression scales. The proforma showed descriptions over scale availability, content, acceptability, and use. Judging by this data collection method, the committee worked well with the little information source they received and made clear and detailed tabulations. All statements made from the information were referenced and quantitative and qualitative results were summarized and tabulated. The rest of the task force assessed completed reviews and modified them in tune with unanimous suggestions. The chairperson was responsible for summarizing the identified problems, reviews, and conclusions. The final report was modified following group discussions with the entire task force. Results DSM-IV defines major depressive disorder as a loss in pleasure or interest or depressed mood for a period not less than two weeks, together with other symptoms that represent change from previous psychological state. These other features are changes in weight or appetite, retardation, insomnia, slowed speech, thought, worthlessness feelings, fatigue, guilt, death or ideas of suicide. Fundamentally, there should exclusion of symptoms that suggest a general condition. From this finding, I was able to establish that rating some of the depression symptoms is a daunting task because of considerable overlap of depression symptoms and PD symptoms. However, it is not clear whether there should have been an adoption of an inclusive approach for rating scales. The decision concerning how the symptoms should be rated is not trivial and influences the results of the study. In this regard, using diagnostic criteria and scales that have automatic inclusion of all somatic symptoms is capable of leading to incorrect depression results. In this situation, patients are more likely to be diagnosed with depression without the core depression symptoms. Alternatively, scales that do not include these symptoms may exhibit poor validity of criteria, particularly at as the depression spectrum ends. For example, apathy is a cardinal symptom of depressive disorder. However, apathy also occurs independently without depression (Nilsson, Kessing, Sorensen, Andersen, Bolwig, 2002). The research was also able to establish that major depression in some aspects differs from depression in PD. Furthermore, most of the patients suffering from PD exhibit depressive symptoms that do not fulfill the conditions of a major depressive episode. The research was also able to establish that scales for assessing depression have different uses. For example, one purpose serves to assess how severe depression is and check how the patient responds to antidepressant treatments. For this research or clinical task, a scale’s reliability, responsiveness, and responsiveness to good changes is relevant. The other reason of using rating scales is screening patients with PD for the possibility of depression. For purposes of screening, each use has use has an importance in clinical settings that require self-rating scales or untrained raters. Scales with good specificity and sensitivity may be used as screening tools. Rating scales used in depression do not offer assessment timing, something that is particularly crucial in patients suffering from PD. Furthermore, majority of rating scales are clinician rated, or patient reported. In this case, inputting collateral information may prove beneficial when assessing patients with PD. However, how or whether to use such information needs to be operationalized. The research found nine scales for assessing depression for patients with PD. These include the beck depression inventory, the Hamilton depression scale, the Zung depression scale, the Geriatric depression scale, the Montgomery depression scale, and the hospital anxiety and depression scale. Additionally, the corner scale was incorporated because it is the only universal scale used for patients with cognitive impairment, a common condition among depression patients with PD (American Psychiatric Association, 2000). Some scales were not included but were considered because they only assess moods wit h short life such as Profile Mood States. Whilst the results were in recognition of the limitations of the DSM-IV diagnostic criteria and recommendations for criteria improvement, these DSM-IV criteria should have been used for purposes of measuring the validity of the criteria in the literature. All scales were established as valid even though structure was subject to variance thus leading to chances of differentiation of the results. There was no available data to suggest the one responsible for administering observer rated scales. However, information regarding the training need on each scale should have been provided. Discussion All scales reviewed in this research have some relevance in their purpose of assessing depressive disorder. Available scales for depression have a number of functions. Different purposes mean that different properties of the scales have to be taken into account. Recommendations should be made regarding how appropriate each scale should be used. Diagnosing depression should not solely be made based on a rating scale score. A mere score of these instruments cannot capture a comprehensive range of depression disorder. In this case, high scores may arise when the endorsement of somatic symptoms occurs (Sudak, 2012). On the other hand, low scores may occur even though serious symptoms of depression are present. For this reason, the standard for diagnosing depression has to remain the DSM-IV criteria. Limited evidence is enough to warrant the best scales for rating depression for patients with PD. The statistics from the research suggest that other scales may be useful. However, further studies need to be conducted. Patients are sometimes capable of perceiving their condition in an off rather than an on period. Off periods can be linked with psychiatric symptoms such as delusions, anxiety, and depression. These often improve with time since they are short lived. Since the reviewed scales have been made to make correct assessments, the preceding one or two weeks the off periods may not be considered. The recommendation in this case requires that patients exhibiting motor fluctuations to be assessed while they are in the on period. More studies need to be undertaken on the specificity, sensitivity, and negative and positive predictive values for every scale. Assessing the concurrent credibility of the scales should be made in comparison to the criteria for DSM-IV of major depression. The criteria of assessment of depressive condition are going through changes (Guay, 2012). Incorporating somatic symptoms in depression scales leads to incorrect scores for patients suffering from PD. This may therefore influence the outcome of treatment trials. This calls for an investigation in a clinical format. In general, the observer should use an inclusive approach when scoring answers and patients have to be informed that they should not attribute their symptoms to depression or PD when scoring scales of self-rating. The instruments evaluated in this research are not used to or were not designed to identify subsyndromal or minor depression, and do not offer reflections over the diversity PD mood disorders have. Thus, there is a need to make further characterization of other depressive disorder types. Furthermore, cutoffs need to make adopted for the purpose of research and a specified period designed to include a larger variety of depressive disorders rather than dealing with major depression through cutoffs. Furthermore, there is a need for separate assessment when using scales to measure anhedonia, anxiety of apathy. In this research, the team did not make an assessment on multidimensional scales. However, these scales may prove useful in certain circumstances and have to be validated prior to their recommendation for usage. The caregiver’s role in reporting depression symptoms needs to be operationalized and in particular with scales that assess depressive disorder with comorbid symptoms. Whilst assessing depressive disorder with patients suffering from PD, the task force committee agreed that a majority of the same setbacks would be encountered when a new scale for PD is being developed. At present therefore, the task force does not offer any recommendation for a new scale development. Rather, it advises better studying existing scales. Developing a depression scale in PD is feasible and relevant only when there is an agreement over certain conceptual issues. Furthermore, the aspect of comparing symptoms of depression in PD with those from psychiatric disorders bears advantages. In conclusion, it is vital to recognize that major depressive disorder is a widespread mental complication in the modern world that may sometimes lead to disability or disease such as Parkinson’s disease (PD). The Movement Disorder Society in the United States endeavored to carry out a research in order to assess depressive disorder among patients with PD. The research was able to identify a number of rating scales for the assessment and screening of depression disorder. In this regard, these scales are used to assess depression among patients suffering from PD or not. The research was able to establish that the diagnosis of depressive disorder is at present being carried out through the diagnostic and statistics strategy (DSM-IV). This is as recommended by the American Psychiatric Association. However, upon reviewing the findings of this research, it is vital to recognize that certain considerations need to be appreciated. In this case, I was able to establish that the diagnosis of depressive disorder should not solely be made based on a rating scale score. A mere score of these instruments cannot capture a comprehensive range of depression disorder. This implies that further tests need to be made carried to facilitate informed and correct conclusions regarding the psychological status of the patient in question (Puig Encinas, 2012). Reference American Psychiatric Association. (2000). Practice guideline for the treatment of patients with major depressive disorder. Washington, D.C: American Psychiatric Association. Brown, M. R. (2004). Major Depressive Disorder Research. New York: Nova Biomedical Books. Guay, A. (2012). Major depressive disorder. Delhi: Research World. Hahlweg, K., Goldstein, M. J. (2007). Understanding major mental disorder: The contribution of family interaction research. New York: Family Process Press. Nilsson, F. M., Kessing, L. V., Sorensen, T. M., Andersen, P. K., Bolwig, T. G. (2002). Major depressive disorder in Parkinson’s disease: a register-based study. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 106, 3, 202-11. Puig, F. J. E., Encinas, F. J. L. (2012). Effectiveness of Cognitive-Behavioral Treatment for Major Depressive Disorder in a University Psychology Clinic. The Spanish Journal of Psychology, 15.( 3). 1388-1399. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.5209/rev_SJOP.2012.v15.n3.39423 Simpson, H. B. (2010). Anxiety disorders: Theory, research, and clinical perspectives. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Sudak, D. M. (2011). Combining CBT and medication: An evidence-based approach. Hoboken: Wiley.

pH, pKa, Ka, pKb, and Kb Explained

pH, pKa, Ka, pKb, and Kb Explained There are related scales in chemistry used to measure how acidic or basic a solution is and the strength of acids and bases. Although the pH scale is most familiar, pKa, Ka, pKb, and Kb are common calculations that offer insight into acid-base reactions. Heres an explanation of the terms and how they differ from each other. What Does the p Mean? Whenever you see a p in front of a value, like pH, pKa, and pKb, it means youre dealing with a -log of the value following the p. For example, pKa is the -log of Ka. Because of the way the log function works, a smaller pKa means a larger Ka. pH is the -log of hydrogen ion concentration, and so on. Formulas and Definitions for pH and Equilibrium Constant pH and pOH are related, just as Ka, pKa, Kb, and pKb are. If you know pH, you can calculate pOH. If you know an equilibrium constant, you can calculate the others. About pH pH is a measure of hydrogen ion concentration, [H], in an aqueous (water) solution. The pH scale ranges from 0 to 14. A low pH value indicates acidity, a pH7 is neutral, and a high pH value indicates alkalinity. The pH value can tell you whether youre dealing with an acid or a base, but it offers limited value indicating the true strength of the acid of a base. The formula to calculate pH and pOH are: pH - log [H] pOH - log [OH-] At 25 degrees Celsius: pH pOH 14 Understanding Ka and pKa Ka, pKa, Kb, and pKb are more helpful for predicting whether a species will donate or accept protons at a specific pH value. They describe the degree of ionization of an acid or base and are true indicators of acid or base strength because adding water to a solution will not change the equilibrium constant. Ka and pKa relate to acids, while Kb and pKb deal with bases. Like pH and pOH, these values also account for hydrogen ion or proton concentration (for Ka and pKa) or hydroxide ion concentration (for Kb and pKb). Ka and Kb are related to each other through the ion constant for water, Kw: Kw Ka x Kb Ka is the acid dissociation constant. pKa is simply the -log of this constant. Similarly, Kb is the base dissociation constant, while pKb is the -log of the constant. The acid and base dissociation constants are usually expressed in terms of mole per liter (mol/L). Acids and bases dissociate according to general equations: HA H2O ⇆ A-Â   H3OHB H2O ⇆ B OH- In the formulas, A stands for acid and B for base. Ka [H][A-]/ [HA]pKa - log Kaat half the equivalence point, pH pKa -log Ka A large Ka value indicates a strong acid because it means the acid is largely dissociated into its ions. A Large Ka value also means the formation of products in the reaction is favored. A small Ka value means little of the acid dissociates, so you have a weak acid. The Ka value for most weak acids ranges from 10-2 to 10-14. The pKa gives the same information, just in a different way. The smaller the value of pKa, the stronger the acid. Weak acids have a pKa ranging from 2-14. Understanding Kb and pKb Kb is the base dissociation constant. The base dissociation constant is a measure of how completely a base dissociates into its component ions in water. Kb [B][OH-]/[BOH]pKb -log Kb A large Kb value indicates the high level of dissociation of a strong base. A lower pKb value indicates a stronger base. pKa and pKb are related by the simple relation: pKa pKb 14 What Is pI? Another important point is pI. This is the isoelectric point. It is the pH at which a protein (or another molecule) is electrically neutral (has no net electrical charge).

Should conscientious objection be a defence to breach of equality law Essay

Should conscientious objection be a defence to breach of equality law - Essay Example Anti-Racism laws, which are a reflection of the equality law were designed to provide a remedy to the failure by the State to not do enough to protect disadvantaged member of the society.2 The United Kingdom’s Equality Act of 2010, which is part of the wider anti-discrimination laws of Great Britain, is based on the premise of the State impacting upon the UK society through legislation to educate and instruct individuals as well as institutions on how to act during public interactions.3 The Equality Law simply requires citizens to be blind on differences to do with sexuality, race, gender, and age. Secondly, it requires citizens to be deaf on differences arising from belief or religion. However, under the concept of conscientious objection, there are seemingly exceptions to the adherence of the equality law.4 Conscientious objection has been described as â€Å"a refusal on religious or moral grounds to engage in military conflict or even serve in the armed forces.†5 A conscientious objection is normally based on religious beliefs that are obtained from trainings and must be highly upheld. A conscientious objector must prove that the newly acquired ethical and moral convictions are what direct his or her life choices. Under the English law, there are only three instances where there are legal rights to objections based on conscientious objections. These instances comprise of abortion cases, application of technological process in achieving conception/ pregnancy, and in services of the armed forces.6 Other cases examples on the application of conscientious objections are when a pharmacists declines to administer emergency contraceptives owing to his religious beliefs or when an employee breaks health and safety rules or dress codes or displays religious symbols at the work place, wh ich is an infringement upon the rights of others. Based on the above review, conscientious objection should not be used as defence for breaching the equality law since it will provide

Historical Impact on Working Conditions (HR, Employee Labor and Research Paper - 1

Historical Impact on Working Conditions (HR, Employee Labor and Relations) - Research Paper Example The momentum of ‘cotton culture’ took off with deployment of large number of Black slaves. In 1790, it is estimated that 700,000 slave workers lived around Ohio River and Mason-Dixon Line (Reef, 2007, pp. XVI-XIX). Throughout eighteenth century, factories grew rapidly where profit was the chief motive. Without any legislation to protect workers rights, the situation was quite messy for laborers who often had to work 14 hours a day. Laborers often protested, but could not match the power of employers. In 1835, a strike was organized in Philadelphia for 10 hours in a day work. By the end of civil war, factories were more organized in technical terms with better equipments and tools. Coming up of railroads carried the next level of growth momentum. Yet, labors had little say on their workings. After the civil war, the struggle gained momentum from labors, though in unorganized and uncoordinated fashion. With little or no government assistance, it was tough to move forward (Reef, 2007, p. XIX). Although the term ‘collective bargaining’ was initially used in 1891 by economist Sidney Webb, it was introduced in raw form ever since the inception of trade unions soon after the post civil war period. Collective bargaining is a method of arbitration between firm and the agents of a unit of employees intended at arriving at deals that sets operational conditions. Collective agreements normally specify wage amounts, shift hours, training, security, extra hours pay, and rights to take part in factory or corporation issues. Working conditions slowly improved side-by-side with the growth of trade unions. Many labor legislations were passed that set standard rules for hiring and remunerating labors. The first key event in the US labor history was establishment of the American Federation of Labor (AFL) in 1886. AFL ran on the form of ‘craft unions’ and was conservative in the sense that it did not challenge capitalism per se. Instead, it was

Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Health And Social Care Essay

Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Health And Social Care Essay Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS) is an incapacitating multifarious disorder that renders the victim fatigued for longer periods. It has been realized that this kind of disorder is not solved by bed rest and is usually aggravated by mental and physical activities. People suffering from CFS have been seen to be unable to perform tasks that they were to do it comfortably before the illness. The most noticeable features of this disorder include pain in the muscle, weakness, impaired memory, and poor concentration. In addition, the victims are generally weak and some of them show evidences of insomnia (Bell, 1995). This disorder may persist for a long period. Diagnostic tests have not been able to clearly point out the possible causes of this disorder. This is because of the fact that some illnesses have symptoms related to this disorder and we cannot confine those symptoms to this particular disorder alone (Verrillo, Gellman, 1988). Any infection to the immune system taken to be the possi ble cause of CFS and microorganism play a major role in causing it. Any form of immune-suppression is also seen a factor that compromises an individual to this disorder (Fisher et al 1997). Introduction Absence of specific diagnostic characteristic features of CFS, a criterion has been formulated that helps physicians in detecting the disorder. One of the most commonly used criteria is the one that requires the victim to show the possible symptoms for a period of more than six months. This is because the physician will have had enough time to diagnose other possible ailments and thereby reaching the point of excluding the disorder much easily (Murdoch Denz-Penhey, 2002). Additionally, the patient is expected to show any of the four symptoms, which may include frequently occurring sore throat, muscle pain, impairment of the patient to the extent of affecting the normal economic activities of the patient and unrefreshing sleep (Lisman Dougherty, 2007). Other symptoms that can be used include pain in all the joints of the body, severe headache that recurs in some pattern, and post-exertional depression. The purpose of this study is to find out some of the predisposing factors for thi s disorder. Additionally, the causes, symptoms, ways of diagnosing this disease will be identified (Moss-Morris Petrie, 2000). Suggested treatments will be provided so that the healthy population can know more on how to avoid this disorder. Various studies have been carried with the intention of trying to find ways of finding definite symptoms for this disorder. One of these studies was carried out in 1993 with the intention of improving on the ways of diagnosing the disease as it had been decided earlier in 1988. The aim of the study in 1993 was to reinvent new strategies of that can lead to faster diagnosis of the disorder (Lisman Dougherty, 2007). Some of the recommendations from the researches at that time was to classify the fatigue to different levels as can be depicted by the victims. Those with less than six months infection for instance were classified as having chronic fatigue while those with more than six months symptoms were classified as having relapsing fatigue. The patients could also be classified as having gradual or sudden fatigue, among other distinguishing parameters (Fisher et al 1997). A number of predisposing factors have been identified as it regards to CFS. It is also important to note the greater portion of the American population have similar symptoms related to this disorder but cannot be classified as CFS (Meirleir Patarca-Montero, 2000). Some of the factors that promote the risks of having the disorder include age, gender, and socioeconomic groups. It has been found that CFS affects women at a higher rate four times than men (Voncannon, 2002). In addition, individuals with the age between 40 to 50 years have been found to be having CFS. It is also important to note that children can be found with the disorder especially in their teen years and this show that the disease affects any age (Fisher et al 1997). Some of the important symptoms for CFS include prolonged fatigue that extends to a period over six months. Such a fatigue is not reduced by any amount of rest. Other notable characteristics of this disorder include post-exertional disquiet, pain in the muscles, pain in the multiple joints, lack of concentration, sleep that does not refresh, and headache that comes with some pattern (Englebienne, 2002). Additionally, the throat the regularly becomes sore and presence swellings in the lymph, chronic cough, nausea, weight loss, skin sensations, and jaw pain. Psychological problems, shortness of breath, and chest pain are also important symptoms of the disease (Moss-Morris Petrie, 2000). A number of factors makes it hard for physicians to diagnose CFS and includes the lack of laboratory diagnostic technique or biomarkers. Other reasons include the fact that fatigue is a common symptom for all other illnesses, patients do not look sick while the pattern of illness is not constant. This has led to the low level of diagnosis for this particular disorder. Exclusion technique is the best method to diagnose CFs disorder due to lack blood tests or scans for the brain (Leonard, 1997). Diagnosis has to be carried out for period extending six months where the patient can report sufficient evidence of being constantly tired. The physician has to take enough history of the illness of the patient who may be suspected of having CFS (Royal College of Physicians of London, 1997). Medical history has to be reviewed also in order to identify and rule out the possible illnesses that might have been the cause of the fatigue. This is done until CFS is ultimately pointed out. The physicia n can later develop a treatment for the patient. It is also possible for patients to diagnose themselves by eliminating the possible causes of the illnesses just like physician (Englebienne, 2002). The process of managing the chronic CFS is very tricky just like the diagnosis itself because of the variety of the symptoms. Currently, there is no drug or cure for this disorder and such factors complicate the treatment process (Demitrack Abbey, 1999). This means that the best way of managing it by developing an individualized treatment plan for every patient. The best plan comprises a collection of therapies each aimed at managing the symptoms shown by the patient. Input by range medical professional experts is the best solution and when this is coupled with the treatment of other illnesses then the disorder can be managed easily (Lisman Dougherty, 2007). Living with CFS is very tricky and having the chronic type can result in significant devastating effects on the victim. Some of the challenges facing the success of treating CFS include the change and predictability of the symptoms, variations in the stamina that interferes with someone elseà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢s a ctivities, altered memory, loss of independence, and potential impacts on decreased sexual activities among couples (Bell, 1995). Some of the treatment options that is available for CFS and they include professional counseling, cognitive behavioral therapy, and symptomatic treatment. Additionally, pharmacologic therapy, sleep hygiene, pain therapy, and use of antidepressants can help in suppressing the effects of CFS (Demitrack Abbey, 1999). It is however important to keep in mind the fact that the disorder affects individuals in a different way. Some people may be paralyzed for good while others can recover fully from the disorder (Verrillo, Gellman, 1988). It is also hard to obtain accurate results as it regard the number of individuals who have recovered from CFS. Natural remedies can also be employed to boost an individualà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢s body energy thereby suppressing chronic fatigue (Leonard, 1997). Variety of products can be used and they include magnesium injection of muscles with low red blood cells magnesium, taking meals rich in fish oil, and melatonin. Other remedies that have show positive response in suppressing the effects of chronic fatigue syndrome include taking of melatonin, ribose, and NADH rich food (Patarca-Montero, 1999). The studies carried on the foods are however, limited and no accurate data can be easily found. Some of the drugs used to counter the effects of chronic fatigue disorder include the use of corticosteroids, and cholinesterase inhibitors like the galantamine (Fisher et al 1997). Methylphenidate like Ritalin, which is a psychostimulant that is used to increase the levels of neurotransmitters thereby helping individuals with attention-deficit disorder, can be used. Some lifestyle techniques can also be employed to counter this disorder and this includes developing a plan that will help is stress reduction, ensuring that the patient gets enough slee p, exercising regularly and maintaining healthy lifestyle. The lifestyle includes eating balanced diets, drinking plenty of fluids, limiting caffeine intake, and participating in aerobics (Meirleir Mcgregor, 2003). Conclusion Chronic fatigue syndrome is more than just being tired because the affected individual is interfered from performing their daily activities in a normal way. Other individuals have been forced to quit high paying jobs, several disabled and others bedridden. The nature of this illness shows that it is even hard to diagnose it (Bell, 1995). Trial and error method of eliminating other possible ailments complicates the diagnostic process. The best remedy therefore is for individuals to live the kind of lifestyles that do not promotes the predisposing factors of the disorder (Voncannon, 2002). This includes living the kind of lifestyle that discourages the development of the disorder. It is also important for physicians to improve their way of diagnosing the disease so that they can be able to come up with comprehensive treatment strategies (Meirleir Patarca-Montero, 2000).

The Newfoundland & Labrador Essays -- Advertising

Travel advertisements are created to inspire. They are constructed to be visually appealing and intriguing, yet they must also maintain a distinct trace of the exotic. The embedded foreignness in travel advertisements spark curiosity, which in turn seeks to enlighten the reader’s sense of adventure. The advertisement coauthored by the Newfoundland & Labrador Department of Tourism (henceforth referred to as â€Å"NL Tourism†) and the Canadian airline WestJet is no exception. What sets this particular advertisement apart, however, are the elements of publication dynamics and design that combine harmoniously to sell an idea. The advertisement was published in travel section of Toronto’s The Globe and Mail, a newspaper that is circulated across Canada. The publication selection hints at the advertisement’s intended audience. It would be fair to deduce that readers of The Globe and Mail are fairly educated since The Globe often features analyses of issues that are of international importance. Readers are also perhaps middle aged, as newspaper is becoming an antiquated medium in society, and they are likely to have decent salaries, for the weekend edition of the newspaper costs $3.88 alone. WestJet and NL Tourism are targeting people with a healthy discretionary income. This is especially true considering The Globe is published in Toronto, which is a popular economic and financial centre of Canada. The advertisement size, a full-colour back page, is also intended to draw attention to the reader and possible onlookers. Finally, the advertisement’s publication date of Saturday, 25 Februa ry 2012, is also strategic. It comes at a time when people may be thinking about summer vacations and journeys to visit home. The sunny, placid overtone fe... ... way ticket, but suggests that perhaps a one way ticket is the only direction the reader needs. The passage in the fine print correlates to the idea of time zones and escape, further inviting the reader to discover the Province. Through tactical publication placement and quality visual aesthetics, the advertisement cultivates appeal. The idea being marketed embodies core concepts of the desire to travel: relaxation, exploration, and the regress to a more simple state of living. These concepts are promoted as what the reader deserves. Venturing to Newfoundland and the Conception Bay sunshine should be the priority of the reader after viewing the advertisement. The description on the uniqueness of place fulfills the impression that Newfoundland and Labrador is unconventional and alluring. In just three short hours from Toronto, the secluded bay awaits your arrival.

Speech About Vacation

Preparation outline for Persuasive Speech Specific purpose: To persuade my audience to support the legislation to provide everyone with four weeks paid vacation Central Idea: Adopted paid vacation legislation in the USA will help us to stay healthy, avoid stress and bond with our family. Introduction Attention: I. Do you know that more than 147 countries, including all developed countries, now have a law that guaranties paid vacation to every employee? But the United States is the only industrial country in the world which doesn’t have any legislation about it.What is more, from 1980 to present day we moved from 11th place in the world to 42nd based on vacation longevity, and we spend almost 2 months more at work each year than Western Europeans. II. I am personally also affected by absence of vacation legislation. I have two part time jobs, but unfortunately both my employers do not give me any paid vacation time. My story is not unique, because today in US around 60% of part -time workers don’t receive paid vacation benefits. III. Today, ladies and gentlemen, I would like to encourage you to support the legislation to provide everyone with four weeks paid vacation.Transition: We’ll start by looking at necessity to adopt the paid vacation legislation. Body Need I. Today in the United Stated vacation became a luxury for many Americans, and it is unreasonably short and can only voluntarily be provided by employers as a benefit. A. According to a study commissioned by Expedia. com, 13 days is the average vacation time in the U. S. 1. Average vacation time among the other countries – chart. (Expedia. com and Ray) 2. The Bureau of Labor Statistics a. 1 in 4 workers – no paid vacation b. 40% of American women earning less than $40,000 a year – no paid annual leave . Low-wage and part time workers and employees of small businesses a. Rebecca Ray in her publication No-vacation nation only 35% of part-time workers in the U. S. h ave a paid vacation. B. Paid vacation in the U. S. is only voluntarily provided by organizations.1. Vacation formula is based on years of service. a. Society for Human Resources Management – employees in middle and large-sized companies – work for 25 years to get a 4 week (Ray). C. American work-life is out of balance and we are losing necessary vacation time to stay healthy, avoid stress and bond with our family. . The U. S. Bureau of Labor Statistics: an average American works one month per year more today than in 1976. 2. Burnout and stress – lack of vacation time, timeday. com: it costs the U. S. economy over $300 billion a year. 3. Men who don’t take regular vacation are 32% more likely to die of a heart attack, and 21% more likely to die early of all causes. Women have 50% more risk of a heart attack. (www. timeday. org) 4. â€Å"Vacations are so important for family bonding†, said William Doherty, professor of Family Social Science at the Un iversity of Minnesota.The strong memories from childhood involve family vacations. And yet fewer families are taking them now (right2vacation. com). Transition: Now that you know the need of paid vacation legislation let’s look what can be done about it. Satisfaction: II. The lack of vacation time is a serious problem in the United States and the only way to solve this is to adopt a law guaranteeing 4 weeks paid vacation to every American. A. The adopted paid vacation law will provide a 4 week vacation to every person regardless of full-time or part-time status, company size, and years worked in the company.And this law would allow us to catch up to other nations. B. All developed countries and more than 70% of all countries in the world already have paid vacation laws, and every European worker gets a minimum of 4 weeks paid vacation, according to the New York Times C. More than two-thirds of Americans strongly support vacation law favoring 3 weeks of vacation and more, base d on the information from the poll results on Rifgt2Vacation. org D. And I know from my audience-analyst questionnaire that most of you also support such plan and would prefer to have 4 weeks of vacation or more.Transition: You can see that vacation time problem can be simply solved by passing such legislation. Now let’s look at effects of a government guaranteed vacation. Visualization: I. Such vacation legislation have worked in many countries, and in the United States it will improve health, family bonding and the life quality overall. A. You will work less and reduce time pressures, and it will give an opportunity to exercise, healthy eating habits and connection with family and friends. And you will likely to stay healthy with having less risk of stress or burnout. B. You would sleep better and your productivity and creativity will increase. C.You will have more time for stay connected with your family, and your future kids will enjoy family vacations and more time outsi de. Conclusion Action: The first paid vacation bill was introduced in the House of Representatives in May of 2009. You can help get it passed by signing the various online petitions. Here are the online sites where you can sign these petitions, and I also will pass you handouts, which provide this information. Here is another way how you can participate in the process: follow this link and print the poster, which you can distribute to your friends or place at work to encourage people to support this legislation. If we will all work together, we can get the paid vacation bill through the Senate and many of us will finally have a paid vacation.Worked cited: â€Å"2009 International Vacation Deprivationâ„ ¢ Survey Results. † . â€Å"Right 2 Vacation. † Take Back Your Time. Web. 15 May 2011. . Ray, Rebecca, John Schmitt . No-Vacation Nation. Washington: Center for Economic and Policy Research, 2007 Take Back Your Time Day. . Tugend, Alina. â€Å"Vacations Are Good for You, Medically Speaking†. New York Times 7 Jun. 2008 U. S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Web. 15 May 2011. .

The Impact Of Internet On Information Privacy - 1607 Words

The internet has revolutionised humankind. It has allowed a level of communication that had never been experienced previously. The hosting and transfer of data (with its subsequent change into information after human interpretation), and the ability to do so from any device with an internet connection has altered almost every facet of human life. According to Antoun Nabhan, we â€Å"no longer ‘use’ (the internet) as much as we ‘live’ in it†. However, the emergence of the internet has also brought unforeseen complications. One major complication is the changes it has wrought upon information privacy. This paper will examine the role the internet has played in regards to information privacy, and the impact these changes have had on society at large. The term ‘information privacy’ is a complicated concept that has a variety of meanings. Roger Clarke asserts that it is â€Å"the interest an individual has in controlling, or at least, significantly influencing, the handling of data about themselves.† Techopedia’s definition of information privacy is â€Å"the privacy of personal information and usually relates to personal data stored on computer systems.† The Australian Law Reform Commission states that it â€Å"involves the establishment of rules governing the collection and handling of personal data.† As well as this, information privacy has also been classified as â€Å"data privacy† and â€Å"data protection†, often with the three terms being used interchangeably. What all these definitions have inShow MoreRelatedInternet Privacy.1148 Words   |  5 PagesSolutions for Violations of Internet Privacy. In the past thirty years computer technology has been developing very rapidly. Internet in last decade has revolutionized the way how we conduct our lives and businesses. 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